{"id":115,"date":"2020-05-30T15:06:44","date_gmt":"2020-05-30T13:06:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ceskylvov.cz\/?page_id=115"},"modified":"2020-06-07T19:13:33","modified_gmt":"2020-06-07T17:13:33","slug":"neco-malo-o-halici","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ceskylvov.cz\/?page_id=115","title":{"rendered":"N\u011bco m\u00e1lo o Hali\u010di"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Haly\u010dyna, Galizien, Galicja<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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Znak Hali\u010dsko-vladim\u011b\u0159sk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Historick\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed z dob Rakouska \u2013 Uherska se n\u00e1m vybav\u00ed nejsp\u00ed\u0161e ve spojen\u00ed s osudy dobr\u00e9ho voj\u00e1ka Josefa \u0160vejka, hrdiny kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho d\u00edla Jaroslava Ha\u0161ka. Jeho putov\u00e1n\u00ed na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed frontu v uniform\u011b c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9ho voj\u00e1ka je z\u0159ejm\u011b nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, nejen zem\u011bpisn\u00fdm dokumentem t\u00e9 doby, popsan\u00e9m v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b. N\u00e1zev z\u00edskalo \u00fazem\u00ed, proslaven\u00e9 t\u00e9\u017e p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy chasidsk\u00fdch \u017did\u016f, po stejnojmenn\u00e9m a jednom z nejstar\u0161\u00edch ukrajinsk\u00fdch m\u011bst, vzd\u00e1len\u00e9m asi 25 km na sever od dne\u0161n\u00edho Ivano-Frankivsku<\/a> (d\u0159\u00edve Stanislaw\u00f3w<\/em>), kter\u00e9 bylo centrem kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed ji\u017e ve 13. stol. N\u00e1zev m\u011bsta a pozd\u011bji i oblasti m\u016f\u017ee poch\u00e1zet ze slova halka<\/em>, tedy kavka, kter\u00e1 byla vyobrazena ve znaku tohoto kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a\u017e do jeho z\u00e1niku v r. 1918. \u00dazem\u00ed z\u00edskala pro habsburskou korunu Marie Terezie v r. 1772, p\u0159i tzv. Prvn\u00edm d\u011blen\u00ed Polska a za\u010dlenila jej do imp\u00e9ria jako Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Hali\u010dsk\u00e9 a Lodom\u011b\u0159sk\u00e9 (Vladimi\u0159sk\u00e9) (K\u00f6nigreich Galizien und Lodomerien mit dem Gro\u00dfherzogtum Krakau und den Herzogt\u00fcmern Auschwitz und Zator<\/em>), kter\u00e9 vzniklo na historicky star\u0161\u00edch \u00fazem\u00edch \u010cerven\u00e9 Rusi<\/a> a Malopolska<\/a>. V dob\u011b monarchie se kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed rozprost\u00edralo od podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed Karpat, okolo \u0159eky Visly <\/a>na z\u00e1pad\u011b a\u017e po horn\u00ed tok \u0159eky Prut <\/a>na v\u00fdchod\u011b. Rozd\u011bleno bylo v polovin\u011b 19. stol. \u0159ekou San <\/a>na z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st s centrem v Krakov\u011b a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed, s hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem Lvov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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P\u0159ehledn\u00e1 mapa Hali\u010de a Bukoviny<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zem\u011bpisnou polohu tohoto \u00fazem\u00ed vyzna\u010duje Jan Lepa\u0159 ve sv\u00e9m Popisu Mocn\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed Rakousk\u00e9ho, vydan\u00e9ho v Opav\u011b r. 1863, takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hali\u010d jako rozhran\u00ed kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed hali\u010dsko-vladim\u011b\u0159sk\u00e9ho, spojen\u00e9ho s velkov\u00e9vodstv\u00edm krakovsk\u00fdm a s vojvodstv\u00edm osv\u011btimsk\u00fdm i z\u00e1torsk\u00fdm je na jihu vypoukl\u00fdm pon\u011bkud na sv. obloukem polo\u017een\u00fdm ve sm\u011bru jv. mezi vrchoviskem Visly a prameny \u010ceremo\u0161e, pak d\u00e1le obloukem po \u010ceremo\u0161i po klikat\u00e9m Dn\u011bstru a\u017e do \u00fast\u00ed Zbru\u010de. D\u00e1le mezi Styrem a Buhem a mezi Buhem a Vislou. Po Visle pak k prusk\u00fdm Myslovic\u00edm nad P\u0159em\u0161\u00ed a na z\u00e1pad\u011b po P\u0159em\u0161i, Visle a Bjal\u00e9 k vrchovisku Visly<\/em>.<\/p>Popis Mocn\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed Rakousk\u00e9ho (Jan Lepa\u0159, 1863)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ze stejn\u00e9ho zdroje se d\u00e1le dozv\u00edme i pom\u011br po\u010dtu obyvatel \u010cech, Moravy a Slezska k 31.10. 1857 (cca 7. mil. obyvatel) a Hali\u010de, kter\u00e9 s \u00fazem\u00edm p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u011b velik\u00fdm  (1 400 zem\u011bp. mil), ob\u00fdvalo jen okolo 4,5 mil. obyvatel. Zat\u00edmco \u010cech\u016f \u017eilo na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cech  (Moravy a Slezska) cca 4 mil. 300 tis. (+ cca 2,5 mil. N\u011bmc\u016f), na \u00fazem\u00ed Hali\u010de se jich ke sv\u00e9mu \u010desk\u00e9mu p\u016fvodu p\u0159ihl\u00e1silo jen 600. Podstatnou m\u00edstn\u00ed veli\u010dinu tvo\u0159ili Pol\u00e1ci, kter\u00fdch sice \u017eilo v Hali\u010di t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u011b jako Rus\u00edn\u016f (v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 mil. + cca 100 tis. N\u011bmc\u016f), av\u0161ak jejich vliv na fungov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a politiky byl z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Statistika zahrnuje t\u00e9\u017e \u00fadaje o tom, \u017ee v \u010cech\u00e1ch se ke katolick\u00e9 (\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9) c\u00edrkvi hl\u00e1sila naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina populace (6,7 mil.), v Hali\u010di, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na p\u016fl, obyvatelstvo p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161elo ke katolick\u00e9, resp. jej\u00ed latinsk\u00e9 (\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9) \u010d\u00e1sti a druh\u00e1 polovina k \u0159eck\u00fdm katol\u00edk\u016fm<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Po\u010det obyvatel monarchie v r. 1878<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Pom\u011br po\u010dtu \u017did\u016f v monarchii v r. 1910<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Po\u010det Davidov\u00fdch syn\u016f v Hali\u010di byl 3x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed (cca 450 tis.), ne\u017e v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. V roce 1890 tvo\u0159ili \u017did\u00e9 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 12 % z celkov\u011b ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 6,6 mil. obyvatel Hali\u010de, s nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm pohrani\u010dn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Brody<\/a>. Krom\u011b \u017eidovsk\u00fdch obchodn\u00edk\u016f a \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f, tvo\u0159ili silnou skupinu obyvatel m\u011bst i p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci c. k. vojska (cca 53 tis., z toho 3 tis. d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f), kte\u0159\u00ed poch\u00e1zeli ze v\u0161ech kout\u016f Rakouska – Uherska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Pomn\u00edk \u0141ukasiewicze ve Lvov\u011b<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pro monarchii p\u0159edstavovala Hali\u010d nejen hrani\u010dn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed s rusk\u00fdm imp\u00e9riem, ale tak\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159skou jednotku s p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm obil\u00ed, lnu, chovem dobytka, t\u011b\u017ebou d\u0159eva (Zakarpat\u00ed), produkc\u00ed a exportem soli (Veli\u010dka) a od r. 1859 zejm\u00e9na ropy (B\u00f3brka \u2013 jv. od Lvova). Jej\u00ed rafinaci na petrolej provedl jako prvn\u00ed v Evrop\u011b v r. 1853 l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edk a t\u00e9\u017e vyn\u00e1lezce petrolejov\u00e9 lampy ze Lvova Ignacy \u0141ukasiewicz<\/a>. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se jednalo o poklidnou, sp\u00ed\u0161e m\u00e9n\u011b hospod\u00e1\u0159sky rozvinutou \u010d\u00e1st habsbursk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, av\u0161ak s vlastn\u00edm zemsk\u00fdm sn\u011bmem a zna\u010dnou m\u00edrou autonomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci c.k. arm\u00e1dy v Hali\u010di<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

V obdob\u00ed vl\u00e1dy m\u00edstodr\u017eitele Agenora, hrab\u011bte Go\u0142uchowsk\u00e9ho<\/a> byla uskute\u010dn\u011bna \u0159ada reforem, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch zejm\u00e9na na \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a strukturu \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f a na podporu polsk\u00e9 populace, nap\u0159. z\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm \u0161kol s polsk\u00fdm vyu\u010dovac\u00edm jazykem. Za\u010d\u00e1tek konce celistvosti kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako cel\u00e9 monarchie, zapo\u010dal po 1. sv\u011bt. v\u00e1lce v r. 1918, v souvislosti s bojem dosud podroben\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f o samostatnost. Na rozd\u00edl od na\u0161\u00ed mlad\u00e9 republiky bylo \u00fazem\u00ed Hali\u010de zm\u00edt\u00e1no politick\u00fdmi a n\u00e1rodnostn\u00edmi t\u0159enicemi mezi Polskem, resp. Ma\u010farskem a p\u0159\u00edznivci samostatn\u00e9 Ukrajiny, a t\u00e9\u017e N\u011bmeckem a sov\u011btsk\u00fdm Ruskem, a\u017e do konce 2. sv. v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: Wikipedie, <\/em>https:\/\/kramerius5.nkp.cz\/<\/em><\/a>,  https:\/\/www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a9 2020 Petr Zenker<\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Haly\u010dyna, Galizien, Galicja<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-115","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceskylvov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/115"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceskylvov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceskylvov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceskylvov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceskylvov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=115"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/ceskylvov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/115\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":344,"href":"https:\/\/ceskylvov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/115\/revisions\/344"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceskylvov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceskylvov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}